Most common sports injuries and therapy

Even the most well-trained athletes can get injured. Often it is small things that can be cared for by cooling. In the case of more serious bruises, tears in ligaments, tendons and muscles, especially in the case of bone fractures and dislocations, a medical examination is recommended.

Most sports accidents are preventable. Insufficient warming up and uncoordinated movements are usually the causes.

Recreational athletes often misjudge themselves and their performance. Preparation (including training, equipment, warm-up or stretching) is essential to avoid unnecessary injuries during sports.

However, something can happen even to the most well-trained professional athletes. Many extreme sports are associated with risks for injuries, health and life.

In the case of a Sport accident with muscle and joint injuries, cooling and ice help to prevent acute pain and the risk of effusion formation or swelling. To minimise damage in sports accidents, the PECH rule(rest, ice, compression, elevation) is recommended as the first treatment measure.

Next, a serious sports injury, especially ligament and joint injuries, should be seriously clarified by a specialist doctor.

Classical sports injuries and possible therapy

Sprain

When falling, support yourself with your hands. The wrist is then overstressed and compressed. The sprained wrist swells and hurts. Especially skiers and snowboarders or inline skaters are affected by sprained wrists. Simple therapy and bandages help to protect the sprained joint. Cooling and relief promotes healing.

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Bruises

Falls or blows are the most common causes of bruising. The shinbone, for example, is particularly often affected because it is less well padded. In a contusion, the muscle is pressed against the bone and lymphatic and blood vessels are damaged. The bruised area swells, resulting in a bruise. Treatment is usually not necessary. Cooling and relief promotes healing.

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Strained muscles

Overstretched or too quickly strained muscles are often the reason for cramp-like pain in the thigh during ball sports and jogging. A common cause is that the muscle is not warm enough and that the muscles have not been warmed up optimally. Sometimes overfatigue also leads to strain. Muscle strains are treated with a pressure bandage. Cooling and relieving the strain promotes healing.

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Torn ligament

Bending of the foot during ball sports and tennis players are usually the cause of torn joint ligaments, e.g. at the ankle joint. The tear is very painful, the unstable joint swells quickly and severely, making it impossible for it to occur. The joint is splinted or taped. Cooling, elevation, decongestant ointments and electrotherapy help.

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Torn muscle fibre

Overstretching of the muscles can lead to a rupture of the muscle fibres, e.g. in the calf. The causes are often sudden acceleration or kicks. Almost all athletes are at risk. Pressure bandages, cooling and possibly physiotherapists can help.

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Achilles tendon

Hard landings after jumps or kicks in the heel are often the cause of injury to the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon is considered the strongest tendon in the body. Because blood circulation decreases with age, it is often more sensitive in seniors. A tear can be clearly felt and heard. Especially in track and field athletes, but also ball sportsmen and winter sportsmen are at risk. A severed Achilles tendon requires surgery.

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Cruciate ligament rupture

The torn cruciate ligament is one of the most serious knee injuries. Affected patients often have to refrain from sports activities for long periods of time. Classical causes of cruciate ligament rupture are sudden stops or changes in direction, where the knee is twisted with the lower leg fixed. Skiers and ball sportsmen are most frequently affected. In case of a complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, surgery is usually necessary and the cruciate ligament must be replaced by a transplant (piece of the patella tendon).

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Torn meniscus

The torn meniscus is one of the most common sports injuries to the knee joint. The healthy meniscus cartilage acts as a shock absorber in the joint. However, the cartilage can tear with abrupt stopping during sudden rotational movements and thus lose the shock absorbers. Soccer and tennis players, but also skiers, are particularly at risk. Because of the special movements during work, the meniscus tear often occurs during work accidents, e.g. on the construction site.

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Fatigue fracture

All running sports put stress on the metatarsal bones, which can lead to a fracture of the metatarsus. Malpositioning of the feet or suboptimal running techniques increase the risk. The fractures are caused by constant stress or overloading of the bone. A fatigue fracture is often not visible on X-rays. Sometimes a fracture has to be operated, in most cases relief, bandages or electrotherapy help.

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Broken bones

Causes of bone fractures are falls or accidents with a great effect on the bones. Broken bones are always a combined injury to the bones and surrounding soft tissues. A skin injury is called an open fracture. The degree of damage to the soft tissues determines the therapeutic procedure. Most common are fractures of the wrist, foot and toes, ankle and shoulder (collarbone and humeral head).